Interpretation of the Upper Respiratory Panel Report

Doctors receive an easy to read “Detected” or “Not Detected” result for each pathogen.

2015 Nationally Notifiable Infectious Conditions ¹:

• Bordetella  pertussis
• Influenza-associated pediatric mortality
• Novel influenza A virus infections

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI)

Quick Facts

• Estimated economic impact of non- influenza related URTIs is $40 Billion annually in the US ²
• Adults average 2-5 upper respiratory tract infection each year while children average 7-10 upper respiratory tract infections a year.³

Overlapping Signs and Symptoms:

• Coughing
• Nasal Discharge
• Congestion
• Fever
• Wheezing
• Headache
• Myalgia

Comprehensive, Accurate, and Fast Results May…

• Improve patient management.⁴
• Prevent secondary spread of infection.⁵
• Prevent the use of unnecessary antibiotics.⁶
• Provide more timely and effective treatment.⁴
• Lead to shorter hospital stays.⁶

Sample Requirements:

Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) collected in viral transport media

• NPS specimens should be collected according to standard technique and immediately placed in viral transport media (VTM).⁷
• ~300µl of sample is required for testing.
• If storage is required, specimen in VTM can be held at room temperature (18- 30 °C) for up to 4 hours, at refrigerator temperature (2-8 °C for up to 3 days, or at freezer temperature (<-15 °C) for up to 30 days

Guidelines & References:

REFERENCES

1. 2015 National Notifiable Infectious Conditions; https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/
2. Fendrick AM, Monto AS, Nightengale B, Sarnes The economic burden of non-influenza-related viral respiratory tract infection in the United States. 1. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Feb 24; 163(4):487-94.
3. Johnston S, Holgate Epidemiology of viral respiratory infections. In: Myint S, Taylor-Robinson D, eds. Viral and other infections of the human respiratory tract. London: Chapman & Hall, 1996: 1-38
4. Xu M et al. Am J Clin Pathol. 2013(1), 139: 118-123. Implementation of filmarray respiratory viral panel in a core laboratory improves testing turnaround time and patient car
5. CDC Guidelines for preventing Health-Care Associated Pneumonia, 2003, pages 84-95
6. Rogers, B. et al. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014; 10.5858/arpa. 2014-0257- OA. “Impact of a Rapid Respiratory Panel Test on Patient Outcomes.”
7. FilmArray Respiratory Panel [instruction booklet]. Salt Lake City, UT: BioFire Diagnostics; 2012:3
8. Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2013. http:// www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013/.
9. Steinman MA et JAMA. 2003;289(6):719-725. Predictors of Broad- Spectrum Antibiotic Prescribing for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Adult Primary Care
10. Alliance for Prudent Use of Antibiotics; Cost of antibiotic resistance to U.S. families and the health care system; www.tufts.edu/med/apua/…/ personal_home_5_1_1451036133.pdf.

GUIDELINES

Infectious Disease Society of America. Lower and Upper Respiratory Guidelines.  http://www.idsociety.org/Organ_System/#Lower/UpperRespiratory.

CDC Guidelines for preventing Health-Care Associated Pneumonia, 2003.

Quick Facts

• Each year in the US, 2 million people acquire serious bacterial infections that are resistant to one or more prescribed antibiotics, and at least 23,000 people die as a direct result of these antibiotic- resistant ⁸
• An estimated 55% of antibiotic prescriptions for Acute Respiratory Tract infections are ⁹
• The misuse of antibiotics costs the US healthcare system over $20 billion each year.¹⁰

Implications of Antibiotic Resistance

• Increases mortality and morbidity from untreatable diseases
• Increases risk of global spread of pathogens
• Results in longer, more frequent hospital stays
• Limits drug options at a time when pharmaceutical companies are developing fewer new antimicrobials
• Increases cost of research for new drugs

The FilmArray brings infection control, antimicrobial stewardship, infectious disease clinicians and pharmacy together. We work as a unit, a team.”

 Navjyot Vidwan, MD – Infectious Disease Physican Dayton Children’s Hospital

HCPL Viral Respiratory Panel Pathogens

Viral Targets

• Adenovirus
• Coronavirus HKU1
• Coronavirus NL63
• Coronavirus 229E
• Coronavirus OC43
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
• Human Metapnueumovirus
• Human Rhinovirus/Enterovirus
• Influenza A
• Influenza A/H1
• Influenza A/H3
• Influenza A/H1-2009
• Influenza B
• Parainfluenza Virus 1
• Parainfluenza Virus 2
• Parainfluenza Virus 3
• Parainfluenza Virus 4
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Bacterial Targets

• Bordetella pertussis
• Chlamydophila pneumoniae
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Viral Respiratory Swab Procedure

This video can help ensure proper technique at your collection sites.